European harvests and weather, 2000–2024

Each row is a regional crop harvest in five European countries, 2000–2024, joined with NASA weather and FAO prices. The table supports retrospective study of how early-year conditions relate to final yields.

Coverage

• Geography: 69 regions in Czechia, Austria, Poland, Germany and metropolitan France. Germany uses NUTS 1 states; the others use NUTS 2 regions.
• Grain: region × crop × harvest year. Verified 7,596 records and 47 columns after matching positive crop area to reported production.
• Crops: common wheat and spelt, barley, grain maize, rapeseed and potatoes.
• Window: harvests in 2000–2024, with varying regional histories. Snapshot only; no scheduled updates.
• Predictor cutoff: June 1. Weather uses January 1–May 31; FAO prices use January–April to allow for monthly publication delay.

Columns

• country, region, region_name, nuts_level, crop_code, crop_name, harvest_year — identifiers and classifications.
• predictor_cutoff — June 1 of the harvest year, a reference-date cutoff rather than a historical release-vintage guarantee.
• weather_latitude, weather_longitude — GISCO cartographic label point used for the NASA request.
• outcome_area_ha, outcome_production_t, outcome_yield_t_ha — reported area, final production at EU standard humidity and production/area yield. Exclude all three from predictors. Yield is the continuous outcome; define a poor-harvest threshold downstream.
• crop_observation_flags — original Eurostat provisional, estimate or break flags, combined across area and production.
• weather_days, complete_weather_days — observed and complete days, expected 151 or 152 each year.
• jan_may_mean_temp_c, jan_may_max_temp_c, jan_may_min_temp_c — mean temperature and extremes, degrees C.
• jan_may_rainfall_mm, jan_may_humidity_pct, jan_may_solar_mj_m2 — accumulated precipitation, mean humidity and accumulated shortwave irradiance.
• jan_may_frost_days, jan_may_hot_days, jan_may_dry_days — days below 0 C minimum, at least 30 C maximum, or below 1 mm precipitation.
• jan_* through may_* — monthly temperature means, precipitation totals and shortwave irradiance totals.
• fao_food_*, fao_cereals_*, fao_oils_* — January–April means and April levels, 2014–2016=100; fao_months verifies four observations.

Missing values

Rows without reported production or a positive area are excluded; no area or yield is imputed. NASA -999 sentinels become null. Complete early-year weather and FAO coverage are checked before accepting the table. Zero production with positive area is retained.

Suitable for

• Regional yield and weather exploration, maps and simple prediction baselines.
• Comparing heat, rain, frost and market conditions across crops.
• Downstream poor-harvest modelling with year-based and region-based validation. Weather repeats across crops within a region/year; commodity prices repeat across regions. Rows are not independent trials.

Weather is one local grid proxy at a cartographic label point, not a cropland-weighted regional average. It omits the previous autumn, soils, irrigation and farm management. Series use current region identifiers where observations exist, without reconstructing past boundaries. Revised source data and weather reanalysis are not historical release vintages, so this table does not prove real-time forecast performance.

Source and rights

Eurostat APRO_CPSHR and GISCO NUTS 2024; NASA POWER MERRA-2/CERES; FAO Food Price Index, accessed 9 September 2026. Derived by projection, unit conversion, weather aggregation and joins. Attribute original publishers; no endorsement or responsibility for this derivative is implied. Original data are freely accessible; GISCO geographic reuse conditions apply. Research use, with publisher-specific terms rather than a single blanket licence.